Topology refers to the physical or logical arrangement of devices, nodes, and connections within a network. It defines how these components are interconnected and how data is transmitted between them. The choice of network topology depends on factors such as the size of the network, the type of applications it supports, and considerations for scalability, fault tolerance, and cost.
All devices share a single communication line (bus). Data is transmitted to all devices, but only the intended recipient processes the data. Simple and cost-effective for small networks but can become a bottleneck as the network grows.
All devices are connected to a central hub or switch. If one device fails, it does not affect the others, making it a more fault-tolerant option. Common in LANs due to its simplicity and ease of management.
Devices are connected in a closed loop or ring. Data circulates in one direction, passing through each device until it reaches the destination. Less common today due to its potential for network disruption if one device fails.
Every device is connected to every other device in the network. Offers high redundancy and fault tolerance, as multiple paths are available for data transmission. Complex and costly to implement, typically reserved for critical infrastructure.
Hybrid topology that combines characteristics of star and bus topologies. Groups of star-configured networks are connected to a central bus backbone. Offers a balance between scalability and simplicity.
Combines two or more different types of topologies. Designed to take advantage of the strengths of different topologies to meet specific network requirements.
Direct connection between two devices. Commonly used in WANs, such as dedicated communication links between two locations.
The choice of topology affects factors like network performance, scalability, reliability, and ease of maintenance. Different network topologies suit different use cases, and the selection is often based on the specific requirements and constraints of the organization or project.
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